Jim Gillies CAB, CDBC is a Clinical Animal Behaviourist based in Glasgow with over a decade of experience across a wide range of canine behaviour issues. He is an APBC Full Member, ABTC Registered, and IAABC Certified Dog Behaviour Consultant — and works across clinical consultations, veterinary collaboration, and expert witness instruction. His practice is welfare-led and evidence-based throughout. Jim runs CBT Dog Behaviour & Training and shares behaviour insights through his blog and podcast.
Guidance checked: 13 October 2026
Yes. XL Bully dogs must wear a muzzle and be kept on a lead in public in Scotland, England and Wales. A Certificate of Exemption allows a dog to be kept legally while its conditions are met; it does not remove the public muzzle requirement. This article explains the rules and the practical steps for comfortable muzzle use.
Key Takeaways
- Exempted XL Bullies still need a muzzle and lead in public.
- Choose a secure, well-fitting basket muzzle with space for panting, breathing and drinking.
- Introduce the muzzle gradually using rewards; do not force it onto a frightened dog.
- The original exemption application schemes have closed. Check current jurisdiction-specific guidance.
Public Muzzle Rules for XL Bullies
England and Wales
Defra’s guidance requires XL Bullies to be muzzled and on a lead in public. The lead must be securely held by someone aged at least 16. These are ongoing exemption conditions. Read the official England and Wales rules.
Scotland
Scottish guidance also requires a muzzle and lead in public, and says the lead must be securely held by someone over 16. Check the Scottish exemption conditions rather than assuming every detail is identical across jurisdictions.
Does an Exemption Certificate Remove the Muzzle Requirement?
No. The certificate does not provide an exemption from wearing a muzzle in public. The original owner-led application schemes have closed, and new exemptions require court authorisation. My updated exemption guide explains current ownership conditions. If you missed the deadline, read the missed-deadline guide and obtain advice about your individual situation.
Choosing the Right Muzzle
A basket muzzle should give your dog enough room to open their mouth and pant, while remaining securely fitted. Check clearance around the eyes and nose, strap security and signs of rubbing. Choose the fit for your individual dog rather than relying on a breed label or assuming one advertised size will suit every XL Bully.
Ask for help with fit if you are unsure. A muzzle is one part of safe management; it does not make every situation appropriate for your dog. See PDSA’s muzzle guidance.
Preparing Your Dog for a Muzzle
Start in a quiet setting and reward your dog for choosing to investigate the muzzle. Build up gradually from comfortable contact to short periods of wear. Keep sessions brief and move at your dog’s pace, rather than fastening the muzzle immediately and expecting them to tolerate it.
If your dog becomes frightened, freezes or repeatedly tries to remove the muzzle, pause and seek individual support. My muzzle-training guide covers the practical sequence. Training should support comfortable wear while you continue to meet the legal requirements.
Lead Handling and Everyday Management
Use secure, well-fitting equipment and a lead the handler can manage safely. Choose walking routes and distances that suit your dog’s behaviour and welfare. For practical training, see my loose-lead walking guide.
Other Exemption Conditions
Exemption also involves conditions beyond public handling. Refer to the updated exemption guide for neutering, microchipping, secure accommodation and notification requirements.
Compulsory third-party public liability insurance ended on 1 July 2026 under these arrangements. New child-supervision conditions begin on 1 November 2026. Those changes do not remove the public muzzle and lead requirements. The official sources above and the exemption guide explain the details.
Summary
Public muzzle use is a continuing requirement for exempted XL Bullies. Focus on a suitable fit, gradual reward-based training and safe handling, alongside the other conditions that apply where you live.
Disclaimer
Please note that I am an affiliate for Ruffwear. This means I may earn a commission if you choose to make a purchase through the links provided in this article, at no additional cost to you.
Please be assured that I only recommend products that I genuinely believe in and feel would be beneficial for your dog. My affiliation with Ruffwear does not influence the content and insights I provide in this article, and my priority is always to offer accurate and valuable information to help enhance your and your dog’s experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does my exempted XL Bully still need a muzzle in public?
Yes. A Certificate of Exemption does not remove this requirement.
Does being calm or well trained change the rule?
No. The public muzzle requirement applies to the prohibited type; it does not depend on an individual dog showing aggressive behaviour.
Where can I get practical help with muzzle training?
Start with the linked muzzle-training guide. Seek individual support if your dog is distressed or the fit is uncertain.
This guide covers Scotland, England and Wales. It does not cover Northern Ireland or replace advice about an individual legal case.
